• ๋Œ€ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐํ•™ํšŒ
Mobile QR Code QR CODE : The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
  • COPE
  • kcse
  • ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋‹จ์ฒด์ด์—ฐํ•ฉํšŒ
  • ํ•œ๊ตญํ•™์ˆ ์ง€์ธ์šฉ์ƒ‰์ธ
  • Scopus
  • crossref
  • orcid

  1. (School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Korea.)



Shingled PV module, Metal grid, Electrode pattern, Simulation, Ag paste, Screen printing

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์Š๊ธ€๋“œ(shingled) ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฐ€๋„, ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด๋‹ค(1). ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ ˆ์ด์ €๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ(Electrically Conductive Adhesive, ECA)๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ง(string)์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค(2). ์ด ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ง์„ ์ง๋ณ‘๋ ฌ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ(ribbon)์„ ๋‚ฉ๋•œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์€ ์ž…์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋น›์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์Œ์˜ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์Œ์˜ ์†์‹ค ์ด์™ธ์—๋„, ๋‚ฉ๋•œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ตญ๋ถ€์ ์ธ ์—ด๊ณผ ์••๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ด๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ณผ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ๋•Œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์ ˆ์—ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๋ฐ, ์ด ์˜์—ญ์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์›์ธ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ECA๋กœ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ธด ์ŠคํŠธ๋ง์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์†์ƒ ํ˜น์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์Œ์˜ ๋“ฑ์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋˜์–ด ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ œ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค(3).

์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜์–ด ํŒ๋งค๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋„์„ฑ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ์˜ ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ด ์€(Ag)์œผ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ œ์กฐ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์‹ค์ •์ด๋‹ค.

์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ๊ณผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ œ์ž‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณต์ •๊ณผ ECA ์žฌ๋ฃŒ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ๋‹จ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์ด ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์›๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์— ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ํšจ์œจ์€ ๊ฐ์†Œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์™€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋น„๊ต ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์‹คํ—˜๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

2.1 ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์„ค๊ณ„

๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ฐ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ™์€ ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ถ„ํ•  ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋„๋ฉด์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์›จ์ดํผ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” 15.675 cm x 15.675 cm์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ƒ์šฉํ™” ๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ 1 mm ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ 4๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”(bus bar)์™€ 50 ฮผm ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•‘๊ฑฐ(finger)๊ฐ€ 100๊ฐœ์ธ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ (a)๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ ์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋Š” ์ผ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ (b)์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ฐ ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ „๋ฉด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์ณ์ ธ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์— ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ฉด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ ์œผ๋กœ 1mm์˜ ํญ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ณดํ†ต์˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2์˜ ๋ชจ์‹๋„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ๋‹จ์œ„ ์…€๋“ค์˜ ๋„ˆ๋น„๋ฅผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์ณ์ ธ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ„ํ• ๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—๋Š” ์ „๋„ ์„ฑ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ์ธ ECA(Electrical Conductive Adhesive)๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน๊ตฌ์กฐ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋•œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1(c)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฉด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ด‘ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์€ ์ „๋„์„ฑ ์ ‘์ฐฉ์ œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ŠคํŠธ๋ง์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‚ฉ๋•œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1(d)์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด Ag pad๋Š” ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ›„๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์˜์—ญ์— ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„(Al) ์ „๊ทน๋งŒ ์ ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋„๋ฉด

Fig. 1. Drawings of solar cell electrode structure

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋ชจ์‹๋„

Fig. 2. Diagram of Connection of dividing and bonding Solar Cells

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/fig2.png

2.2 ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด Griddler ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(Version 2.5)์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(4). ์ด ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „, ํ›„๋ฉด ์ „๊ทน์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ํ‰๋ฉด์„ ์„ธ๋ถ„ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋“ฑ๊ฐ€ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•œ

ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1์— ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์™€ ํ•‘๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์€(Ag)์ด ์ฃผ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ธ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ํ•‘๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜์™€ ๋น„์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ 2.25 mโ„ฆ/sq๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—๋ฏธํ„ฐ(emitter)์˜ ๋ฉด์ €ํ•ญ์€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์›จ์ดํผ์˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ’์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์™ธ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ J01์™€ J02๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธํ—Œ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(5-8). ๋˜ํ•œ JL, non-shaded area๋Š” ์ „๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์†์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฝ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ€๋„ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ์„œ, ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ • ์…€์˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ถ”์ถœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ž…๋ ฅ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ

Table 1. Simulation input parameters

Simulation Input Parameters

Busbar sheet resistance (mโ„ฆ/sq)

2.25

Finger sheet resistance (mโ„ฆ/sq)

2.25

Emitter sheet resistance (โ„ฆ/sq)

85

Passivated area-J01 (fA/cm2)

201

Passivated area-J02 (nA/cm2)

8.18

Metal contact area-J01 (fA/cm2)

2,100

Metal contact area-J02 (nA/cm2)

100

Edge Reconmination-J01 (nA/cm)

1000

Edge Reconmination-J02 (nA/cm)

19

JL, non-shaded area (mA/cm2)

36.8

2.3 ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๊ทน ํ˜•์„ฑ

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ œ์ž‘๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์…€์€ ์ „๊ทน ๊ธˆ์†ํ™” ์ด์ „ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ์™„์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณต์ • ์…€์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๊ณต์ • ์…€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ 156.75$\times$156.75 mm, ๋‘๊ป˜ 200 ใŽ›,์ธ P-ํ˜• ๋‹ค๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ์›จ์ดํผ์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ™•์‚ฐ ๊ณต์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ ์—๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๋ฉด ์ €ํ•ญ์€ 85 โ„ฆ/sq ์ด๋‹ค. ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ „๊ทน์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธˆ์†ํ™” ๊ณต์ • ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฉด ์ „๊ทน ์ธ์‡„, ๊ฑด์กฐ, ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad ์ธ์‡„, ๊ฑด์กฐ, ํ›„๋ฉด Al ์ „๊ทน ์ธ์‡„, ๊ฑด์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋™์‹œ ์†Œ์„ฑ(co-firing) ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์ธ์‡„ ๋ฐ ๊ฑด์กฐ ๊ณต์ •์ด ์ƒ๋žต๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„ ๊ณต์ • ์ˆœ์„œ๋„

Fig. 3. Flowchart of screen printing process

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/fig3.png

์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋กœ ๊ธˆ์†ํ™”(Metallization) ๊ณต์ •์„ ๋งˆ์นœ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ขŒ์ธก ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ „๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ›„๋ฉด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฐ์ธก์€ Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ €๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๊ณ , ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐ์กด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ €๊ฐ์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€

Fig. 4. Two type solar cells fabricated by screen printing

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/fig4.png

3. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์˜ ๋„๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ‘œ 1์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํšจ์œจ์ด 0.1% ์ƒ์Šนํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋Š” dash-type์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ line-type ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ์Œ์˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋น›์„ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉด์ ์ด ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ๋ฉด์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ๋ฉด์  ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฐ€๋„(short-circuit current density, Jsc)๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ด๋Š” ํšจ์œจ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ฅ (fill factor)์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์ด๋Š” ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ฐฐ์น˜์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ํ•‘๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ•‘๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋™ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•‘๊ฑฐ ์ €ํ•ญ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ ์†์‹ค์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์ณ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋น„๋Œ€์นญ์ ์ธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ง๋ ฌ ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณก์„ ์ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2. ์ „๊ทน ํŒจํ„ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2. Simulation and measurement results of solar cell according to electrode pattern

Conventional-type

electrode structure

Reduction-type electrode structure

Simulation

Measurement

Simulation

Measurement

Efficiency (%)

17.93

17.96

18.03

17.87

Fill Factor (%)

79.96

80.94

79.18

79.01

Voc (mV)

646.12

645.17

648.42

650.90

Jsc (mA/cm2)

34.71

34.38

35.12

34.75

Vmp (mV)

550.70

552.76

548.54

548.57

Imp (A)

8.00

7.98

8.08

8.01

์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ‘œ 2 ์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์— ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ €๊ฐํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ์…€ ํšจ์œจ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” 17.87%๋กœ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ธ 18.03% ๋ณด๋‹ค 0.16% ๋‚ฎ๊ฒŒ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ €๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ํŒจํ„ด์€ line-type์ด ์•„๋‹Œ dash-type์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋” ๋„“์€ ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ๋ฉด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด Jsc ์ƒ์Šนํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ํŠน์„ฑ ์ธก์ • ์‹œ ์ ‘์ด‰ ์ง€๊ทธ(Zig)์— ์˜ํ•œ ์Œ์˜์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ์˜์—ญ์— ์Œ์˜์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚ฎ์€ Jsc๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ  ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค(9).

ํ‘œ 3. ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋ณ„ Al ๋ฐ Ag ์ „๊ทน ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ

Table 3. Weight of Al and Ag electrode by type of solar cell

Weight

Type

Total (A)

Al electrode + wafer (B)

Ag electrode (C)

Conventional solar cell

11.983 g

11.544 g

0.439 g

Reduction-type solar cell

11.802 g

11.554 g

0.248 g

Ag ์ „๊ทน ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์œจ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ์•ž์„œ, ๋จผ์ € ์ „๊ทน ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์„ ๋ฉด์  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฉด ์ „๊ทน ๋ฉด์ ์€ 1394.7 mm2, ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad ๋ฉด์ ์€ 619 mm2์ด๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ์ „๋ฉด 1125.37 mm2, ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad๋Š” ์—†์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ์ „๊ทน ์€(Ag) ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋Š” 44.115% ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” Ag ์ „๊ทน ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ Ag ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ „๊ทน์ด ํฌํ•จ๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ด ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ A๋ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ, ํ›„๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„(Al) ์ „๊ทน๋งŒ ์ธ์‡„๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋ฅผ B๋ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ C๋ผ ํ•˜๋ฉด, A-B=C๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ฐ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‚ฐ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋ฅ ์„ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ „์ž์ €์šธ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ›„๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์ „๊ทน์€ Ag pad๊ฐ€ ์ธ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์—๋Š” ์ธ์‡„๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›„๋ฉด Ag pad๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋œ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํ›„๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„์€ ํ›„๋ฉด ์ „์ฒด ์˜์—ญ์— ์ธ์‡„๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ํ›„๋ฉด ์•Œ๋ฃจ๋ฏธ๋Š„ ์ „๊ทน์€ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.439 g, ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰์€ 0.248 g์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 43.556% ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์›๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ €, ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ธ ํƒ€์ž…์ด ์•„๋‹Œ dash-type์œผ๋กœ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋†’์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋ณด์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ด‘ ๋ฉด์ ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋กœ ์ธํ•ด Jsc๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์ „๊ทน ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ ์ธ์‡„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‹ค๊ฒฐ์ • ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ์•ˆ๋œ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์™€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ต๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ค‘๋Ÿ‰ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ์ „๊ทน ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ์™€ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ ์ ˆ๊ฐํ˜• ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, 43.556%์˜ ์‹ค๋ฒ„ ํŽ˜์ด์ŠคํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์Š๊ธ€๋“œ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ ์ œ์ž‘์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€๋Š” ์ ‘ํ•ฉ๋˜์–ด ๋‹จ์œ„ ์…€๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ํƒœ์–‘ ์ „์ง€์™€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๊ธˆ์† ๋ฆฌ๋ณธ์„ ๋‚ฉ๋•œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ผ์ธ ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ”๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ถ”ํ›„ ์ „๊ทน ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„ํ• , ์ ‘ํ•ฉ์šฉ ํƒœ์–‘์ „์ง€์— ์ตœ์ ํ™”๋œ ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฐ” ํƒ€์ž…์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐ˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง„๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant number: R17XA05-1)

References

1 
Nils Klasen, Andrew Mondon, Achim Kraft, Ulrich Eitner, March 2018, Shingled Cell Interconnection: A New Generation of Bifacial PV-Modules, 7th Workshop on Metallization and Interconnection for Crystalline Silicon Solar CellsDOI
2 
H. S. Jee, S. H. Lee, C. H. Jeong, J. H. Lee, March 2019, Electrically Conductive Adhesives and the Shingled Array Cell for High Density Modules, Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 1360-1363DOI
3 
Max Mittage, Tobias Zech, Martin Wiese, David Blรคsi, Matthieu Ebert, Harry Wirth, June 2017, Cell-to-Module (CTM) Analysis for Photovoltaic Modules with Shingled Solar Cells, in Proc. of 44th IEEE PVSC, pp. 1531-1536DOI
4 
J. Wong, June 2013, Griddler: Intelligent computer aided design of complex solar cell metallization patterns, in Proc. of 2013 IEEE 39th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, pp. 933-938DOI
5 
A. Fell, K. R. McIntosh, P. P. Altermatt, G. J. M. Janssen, R. Stangl, A. Ho-Baillie, H. Steinkemper, J. Greulich, M. Muller, B. Min, K. C. Fong, M. Hermle, I. G. Romijn, M. D. Abbott, July 2015, Input Parameters for the Simulation of Silicon Solar Cells in 2014, IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 1250-1263DOI
6 
O. Breitenstein, March 2013, A two-diode model regarding the distributed series resistance, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 110, pp. 77-86DOI
7 
V. Shanmugam, A. Khanna, P. K. Basu, A. G. Aberle, T. Mueller, J. Wong, April 2016, Impact of the phosphorus emitter doping profile on metal contact recombination of silicon wafer solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 147, pp. 171-176DOI
8 
J. Wong, R.Sridharan, V. Shanmugam, Nov 2015, Quantifying edge and peripheral recombination losses in industrial silicon solar cells, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 62, No. 11, pp. 3750-3755DOI
9 
A. W. Blakers, Feb 1992, Shading losses of solarโ€cell metal grids, Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 71, No. 10, pp. 5237-5241DOI

์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์˜ค์›์ œ (Wonje Oh)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/au1.png

ํ•œ๋ฆผ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—… (ํ•™์‚ฌ),

2018~ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (์„์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •).

๋ฐ•์ง€์ˆ˜ (Jisu Park)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/au2.png

ํ•œ๋ฐญ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ฐฝ์˜์œตํ•ฉํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—… (ํ•™์‚ฌ),

2018~ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (์„์‚ฌ๊ณผ์ •).

์ด์žฌํ˜• (Jeahyeong Lee)
../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.5.677/au3.png

1991๋…„ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…,

1992๋…„ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(์„์‚ฌ),

1994๋…„ ๋™ ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ์ „๊ธฐ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ณผ ์กธ์—…(๋ฐ•์‚ฌ),

ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž์ „๊ธฐ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ ๊ต์ˆ˜.