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  1. (Yonam Institute of Technology, Korea)
  2. (Next Square, Korea )



EMTP, Fault current, LVDC distribution system, Protection

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ง๋ฅ˜ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ AC/DC ์ „๋ ฅ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ํšŸ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์†Œ๋น„์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ €๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜จ๋‚œํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งค์šฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ €์••์ง๋ฅ˜(LVDC) ๋ฐฐ์ „๋ง์—์„œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ณผ๋„์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์  ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค(1). ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์—ˆ๋‹ค.

LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋˜์–ด ์™”๋‹ค. (2)์—์„œ๋Š” DC ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ถœํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ DC ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง€๋Šฅํ˜• ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (3)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ •์ƒ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ’์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (4)์—์„œ๋Š” hybrid AC/DC ์ €์ „์•• ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ๋„๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (5)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ 1์ฐจ ๋ฐ 2์ฐจ ๋ฏธ๋ถ„, ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์˜ ์žฅ์ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (6)์—์„œ๋Š” ์ €์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ณผ ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•˜์—ฌ, ์ €์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ธ๋•ํ„ฐ์— ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „์••์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ์€ ์ง€๋ฝ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๊ฒ€์ถœ ๋ฐ ์œ„์น˜ ์ถ”์ • ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. (7)์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜น์€ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํŠน์ง•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์  ์‹์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์€ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค.

๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 3์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” 2์žฅ์˜ ๋ถ„์„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 4์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ EMTP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 5์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

2. LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ํŠน์„ฑ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. AC Side์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, DC ๋ชจ์„ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ์„ ๋กœ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค. CB1, CB2, CB3๋Š” ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ˆซ์ž๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ์œ„์น˜์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

โ‘ : AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC ์ธก ๊ณ ์žฅ

โ‘ก: DC ์„ ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ

โ‘ข: DC ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต

Fig. 1 LVDC distribution system

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig1.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ ๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์˜ AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC์ธก์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ, CB1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜(Load1๊ณผ Load 2)์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. CB2์™€ CB3๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ Load1๊ณผ Load2์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด, ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ก๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. CB1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ๊ณผ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. CB2 ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. CB3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Load2์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ ๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 2 Comparison of current flow in the steady state and fault state at โ‘ 

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig2.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ก๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 3 Comparison of current flow in the steady state and fault state at โ‘ก

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig3.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ข๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. CB1์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. CB2์™€ CB3์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ Load1 ๋ฐ Load2์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ทน์„ฑ์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2-5์—์„œ โ‘ -โ‘ข๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ CB1, CB2, CB3์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ์•„๋ž˜ ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ +๋Š” (+)์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. (-)๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์–ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ทน์„ฑ ์ฆ‰, (-) ์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์ธก์ •๋จ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์™€ โ‘ข๋ฒˆ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ํ๋ฆ„ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 4 Comparison of current flow in the steady state and fault state at โ‘ข

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig4.png

ํ‘œ 1 ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ CB1, CB2, CB3์˜ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Table 1 Variation of current flow in CB1, CB2, and CB3 at fault state

๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ„์น˜

CB1

CB2

CB3

โ‘ 

(+) โ†’ (-)

(+) โ†’ (-)

(+) โ†’ (-)

โ‘ก

(+) โ†’ (+)

(+) โ†’ (+)

(+) โ†’ (-)

โ‘ข

(+) โ†’ (+)

(+) โ†’ (-)

(+) โ†’ (-)

3. LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ธฐ ํ‘œ 1์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ‘œ 1์—์„œ โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ : AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC ์ธก ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ (+)์—์„œ (-)๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ก: DC ์„ ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CB1์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ด๋ฉฐ, CB3์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. Load2์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ ๋กœ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, CB2์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ , CB3๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, DC ์„ ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋‘˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ข: DC ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ CB1์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์ด๋ฉฐ, CB2์™€ CB3์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ๋‹ค.

์•„๋ž˜ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. CB1, CB2, CB3์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฑฐ์ณ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋™์ž‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ „์†กํ•  ๋•Œ ํ†ต์‹  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ณ„์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋„์ด๋‹ค. ์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ i1, i2, i3๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์ด ์–ด๋Š ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ threshold ๊ฐ’์ธ ฮฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ƒ๊ธฐ 2์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ ๋ฒˆ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด (+)์—์„œ (-)๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘๋‹ค๋ฉด โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ : AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC ์ธก ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ•˜์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฃผ์ž…์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ CB1๋งŒ open ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ , ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€๋Š” close๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, CB1์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜(i1)์€ 0๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ณ , CB2 ๋ฐ CB3์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜(i2์™€ i3)๋Š” 0๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์Œ์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์—ฌ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์„ฑ๋ฆฝ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ข:ใ€€DC ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฃผ์ž…์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ open ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ฑ๋ฆฝํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด โ€˜๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ก: DC ์„ ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅโ€™์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ๋กœ์ธ CB2์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋งŒ open ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” close๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ AC์ธก์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ load2๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ์ง€์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

Fig. 5 System configuration of proposed scheme

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๋„

Fig. 6 Flowchart of proposed scheme

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig6.png

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๋งŒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํŒ๋‹จ์˜ threshold ๊ฐ’ ์„ค์ •์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ต๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ OCR ์ˆœ์‹œ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๊ณ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ค์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ง๋ฅ˜๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ 140%-200% ์ •๋„์˜ ๊ฐ’์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋ณ€๋™์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ threshold ๊ฐ’ ์ด์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

4. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜

4.1 ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ชจ๋ธ

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ชจ๋ธ์—์„œ DC ๋ฐฐ์ „์„ ๋กœ์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 2km์ด๋ฉฐ, ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 50kW์ด๋‹ค.

๊ณ„ํ†ต๋ชจ๋ธ์€ EMTP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ, DC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๋™์ž‘์€ EMTP/MODELS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[1, 8-9]. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์˜ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋˜ํ•œ EMTP/MODELS๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

4.2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ‘œ 2์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ์ข…๋ฅ˜๋Š” pole-to-pole ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ 0.5์ดˆ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์ง€์†์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์˜๊ตฌ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด

Table 2 Simulation conditions

Case

๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜

๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ(ฮฉ)

Case 1

โ‘ : AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜

DC ์ธก ๊ณ ์žฅ

0.1

Case 2

1

Case 3

โ‘ก: DC ์„ ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ

0.1

Case 4

1

Case 5

โ‘ข: DC ๋ชจ์„  ๊ณ ์žฅ

0.1

Case 6

1

4.3 ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์Šค์œ„์น˜ ๋™์ž‘์—์„œ 1์€ โ€˜closeโ€™, 0์€ โ€˜openโ€™์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7-8์€ Case 1์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ โ‘ : AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ DC ์ธก ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ‘œ 1์˜ ๋ถ„์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ์ด 0.5์ดˆ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ (-)๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ 0.5015์ดˆ์— CB1๋งŒ Open๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 Case 1์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 7 Current flowing in each CB in Case 1

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig7.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 Case 1์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 8 Trip signal of each CB in Case 1

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig8.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 Case 2์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 9 Current flowing in each CB in Case 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 Case 2์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 10 Trip signal of each CB in Case 2

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig10.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9-10์€ Case 2์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. Case 1๊ณผ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ (-)๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ๋˜ํ•œ Case 1๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋งŒ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ์ข€ ๋” ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด 0.503์ดˆ๋กœ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. Case 1๊ณผ 2์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์—ญ์ด ์™„์ „ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, Case 1์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” i1 ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ โ€“1488 [A], Case 2์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” i1 ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ โ€“1171[A]๋กœ์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ์ด ํฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜๋„ ๋” ์ž‘๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11-12๋Š” Case 3์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. 0.5์ดˆ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„ i1๊ณผ i2๋Š” (+) ๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, i3๋Š” (-)๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋Š” โ‘ก: DC ์„ ๋กœ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  CB2๋งŒ 0.501์ดˆ์— Open ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , CB1๊ณผ CB3๋Š” Close๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 Case 3์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 11 Current flowing in each CB in Case 3

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig11.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12 Case 3์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 12 Trip signal of each CB in Case3

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig12.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13-14๋Š” Case 4์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—ญ์‹œ case 3๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ i1๊ณผ i2๋Š” (+) ๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, i3๋Š” (-)๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ, CB2๋งŒ 0.523์ดˆ์— Open ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ์ด case 3๋ณด๋‹ค ํฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ฐ’์ด ์ž‘์•„์ ธ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์–ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ตฌ์—ญ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์งํ›„์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „ ์ „๋ฅ˜์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” +, - ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ๊ฒ€์ถœ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์„ ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ Load 2๋กœ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, Load 1์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15-18์€ Case 5-6์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15 ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17์—์„œ 0.5์ดˆ์— ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ํ›„ i1์€ (+) ๊ฐ’์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, i2์™€ i3๋Š” (-)๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ‘œ 1์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๊ฐ€ DC ๋ชจ์„ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ DC ๋ชจ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ Case 5์—์„œ๋Š” 0.501์ดˆ, Case 6์—์„œ๋Š” 0.5035์ดˆ์— Open ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. Case 5์™€ 6์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜์—ญ์ด ์™„์ „ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ปคํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ „์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ „๋ ฅ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13 Case 4์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 13 Current flowing in each CB in Case 4

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig13.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14 Case 4์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 14 Trip signal of each CB in Case 4

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig14.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15 Case 5์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 15 Current flowing in each CB in Case 5

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig15.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16 Case 5์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 16 Trip signal of each CB in Case 5

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig16.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17 Case 6์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์— ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜

Fig. 17 Current flowing in each CB in Case 6

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig17.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 18 Case 6์—์„œ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ์˜ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ ์‹ ํ˜ธ

Fig. 18 Trip signal of each CB in Case 6

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2021.70.12.2052/fig18.png

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ AC/DC ์ปจ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ ์ธก, DC ์„ ๋กœ์ธก, DC ๋ชจ์„ ์ธก ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ 3๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ฐ ์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์‹œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๊ทน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด๋‹ค.

์ œ์•ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ EMTP๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์‹œ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ €ํ•ญ์„ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ œ์•ˆ๋œ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์žฅ์œ„์น˜๋ฅผ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๋™์ž‘์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ LVDC ๋ฐฐ์ „๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ ๊ณ ์ €ํ•ญ ๊ณ ์žฅ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

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Hun-Chul Seo, 2017, New adaptive reclosing technique using second order difference of THD in distribution system with BESS used as uninterruptible power supply, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 90, pp. 315-322DOI
9 
Hun-Chul Seo, Sang-Bong Rhee, 2018, Novel adaptive reclosing scheme using wavelet transform in distribution system with battery energy storage system, International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, Vol. 97, pp. 186-200DOI

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์„œํ›ˆ์ฒ (Hun-Chul Seo)
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He received the B.S, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University in 2004, 2006, and 2013, respectively.

He worked for Korea Electrical Engineering & Science Institute, Seoul, Korea, as a researcher in power system division from 2006 to 2009.

He was Post-doctor at Yeungnam University in 2013.

Since March 2014, he is an associate professor with the School of Electronic&Electrical Engineering, Yonam Institute of Technology, Korea.

His research interests include power system analysis, transients, and protection.

๊ถŒ๊ธฐํ˜„(Gi-Hyeon Gwon)
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He received the B.S, M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Sungkyunkwan University in 2012, 2014 and 2018, respectively.

He is presently the assistant professor of Yonam Institute of Technology.

His research interests include power system transients, power quality, protection schemes and coordination in DC distribution system.

๋ฐ•๊ฑด์šฐ(Keon-Woo Park)
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He received his M.S. degrees from Sungkyunkwan University, Korea, in 2007.

Since 2021, he has been a CTO in the NEXT Square Inc., Korea.

His research interests include LVDC, MVDC, Smart-grid, and Power Electronics.