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  1. (KORAIL Research Institute, Korea Railroad Corporation, Korea. E-mail: leeth74@korail.com)
  2. (R&D Center, VITZROEM Co., Ltd., Korea. E-mail: hjju@vitzrotech.com)
  3. (R&D Center, VITZROEM Co., Ltd., Korea. E-mail: ykcha@vitzrotech.com )



Vacuum interrupter, Axial magnetic field, Breaking performance, Electrode design, Magnetic field analysis

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ง„๊ณต์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผํšŒ๋กœ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ธฐ(Main Circuit Breaker : MCB)๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœํํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฝ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ์จ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์ „๊ธฐ์žฅ์น˜ ๋ฐ ์ „์„ ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ MCB ์ฐจ๋‹จ๋ถ€์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜์กฐ๊ฑด์—์„œ ๊ฐœํ์กฐ์ž‘์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ(Vacuum Interrupter : VI)๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. VI๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ํšŸ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ ๋ฐ ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ฐœํ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ, ์†Œํ˜•ํ™”, ์œ ์ง€๋ณด์ˆ˜์˜ ํŽธ์˜์„ฑ ๋ฐ ์นœํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ํŠน์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด MV(Medium voltage)๊ธ‰ ํด๋ž˜์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” 72.5kV ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์•• ์˜์—ญ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ์ „๊ทนํ˜•์ƒ์€ ํ‰ํŒ์ „๊ทน ๋ฐ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์ „๊ทน์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” VI๋Š” ๊ณ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ ๋Œ€์ „๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‘ ์ ‘์  ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„(Axial Magnetic Field : AMF)๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ์ผœ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ์šฉ์œต์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ AMF ์ „๊ทน์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์ž์„ฑ์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์ž๊ณ„์˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋†’์—ฌ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ ํ™•์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์™€ ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋งŽ์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (2)-(6). ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ ํ›„, ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ๋ฝ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œํ—˜์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฝ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทธ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์‹œ๋ฃŒ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์‹คํŒจ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋น„์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„์ค‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฌ๋‹ค.

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ , ๋น„์šฉ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์ œ์ž‘, ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต์˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด KTX-์ด์Œ ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” VI์˜ ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

2. ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ ์ „๊ทน ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„

2.1 ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน ์„ค๊ณ„

๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉ๋œ ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ‘์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด KTX-1์€ ํ‰ํŒ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ž์—ฐํ™•์‚ฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , KTX-์‚ฐ์ฒœ์€ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํšก์ž๊ณ„(Radial Magnetic Field : RMF) ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค (1).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1 ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ ‘์  ํ˜•์ƒ. (a) KTX-1, (b) KTX-์‚ฐ์ฒœ

Fig. 1 Contact shapes for existing high speed train. (a) KTX-1, (b) KTX-Sancheon

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig1.png

๋ณดํ†ต 8[kA] ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž์—ฐํ™•์‚ฐ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ‰ํ–‰ ํ‰ํŒํ˜• ์ „๊ทน์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋†’์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน๊ฐ„์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์™€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰ ๋˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ง ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ์ž๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋ณ„๋„์˜ ์ „๊ทนํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ •๊ฒฉ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์ด 40[kV] ์ดํ•˜ ๋ฐ 31.5[kA] ์ดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํšก์ž๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋‹จ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๊ทผ ํšก์ž๊ณ„์™€ ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜์ด๋ธŒ๋ฆฌ๋“œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (7).

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2 ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์•„ํฌ ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ . (a) ํšก์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน, (b) ๋ฐ (c) ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน

Fig. 2 Various arc-control scheme. (a) is RMF electrode, (b) and (c) are AMF electrode

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig2.png

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” KTX-์ด์Œ ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” VI์˜ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ๋ฐฉ์‹ ์ค‘, Cup-type ์ „๊ทน์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€๋Š” ์ ‘์ (Contact), ์ „๊ทน์ปต(Electrode cup) ๋ฐ ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํŒ(Support plate)์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ ‘์ ์€ VI์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋™-ํฌ๋กฌ ํ•ฉ๊ธˆ์†Œ์žฌ(Cr : 25[wt%]), ์ „๊ทน์ปต์€ ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ๋™(Copper, ์‚ฐ์†Œํ•จ์œ ๋Ÿ‰ 10[ppm] ์ดํ•˜)์†Œ์žฌ, ๋ณด๊ฐ•ํŒ์€ ํˆฌ์ž…์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์Šคํ…Œ์ธ๋ฆฌ์Šค-์Šคํ‹ธ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๊ทน์ปต์ด ์ ‘์ ์„ ๊ฐ์‹ธ๋Š” ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์ „๊ณ„์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ „๊ทน์ปต์€ ์™ธ๊ฒฝ ฮฆ64, ์ ‘์ ์€ ฮฆ62๋กœ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ ค ์•„ํฌ์ œ์–ด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 6๊ฐœ์˜ ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3 VI ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ 3D ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

Fig. 3 Design of VI electrode part and 3D modeling

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig3.png

2.2 ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์กฐ๊ฑด

์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์€ Maxwell 18.0 S/W๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. KTX-์ด์Œ ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ VI๋Š” ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœํฌ 15[mm] ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์†๋„ 1.5[m/s]๋ฅผ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํ‚นํƒ€์ž„์ด 5[ms] ์ •๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ต๋ฅ˜ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์—ฌ ์ ‘์  ๊ฐœ๊ทน์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ  ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€์˜ ์•„ํ‚นํƒ€์ž„์—์„œ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐญ์€ 7.5[mm] ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ทน๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 5[mm], 10[mm], 15[mm]์—์„œ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 7.5[mm]์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” KTX-์ด์Œ์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ •๊ฒฉ๊ฐ’์ธ 20[kArms]๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„ํฌ์ฃผ(Arc column)๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๊ทน์ปต๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1 ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ

Table 1 Physical properties of electrode parts

Parts

ฯƒ(Siemens/m)

$\mu_{r}$

Arc column

2,800

1.0

Contact (CuCr25)

22,000,000

Copper

58,000,000

Stainless-steel

1,100,000

2.3 ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๋จผ์ € ๊ฐญ 5[mm]์—์„œ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ฐ€์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 20[kArms]์ด๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ(Current peak)์ผ ๋•Œ, ์ „๊ทน ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ์ ‘์  ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„(Bz.max)๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ 200[mT]๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1[kA]๋‹น ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์—ญ์‹œ 8[mT/kA]๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ‘์  ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์˜ ๋๋‹จ์—์„œ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์ผ์ • ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์—์„œ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋œ ์ž„๊ณ„์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค (8).

(1)
$B_{cr}= 3.9\times(I_{P}- 9)$

์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ $B_{cr}$๋Š” ์ง‘์ค‘์•„ํฌ(constricted arc)์—์„œ ํ™•์‚ฐ์•„ํฌ(diffused arc) ๋ชจ๋“œ๋กœ ์ „ํ™˜๋˜๋Š” ์ž„๊ณ„์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„(๋‹จ์œ„ : mT)์ด๋ฉฐ, $I_{p}$๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€์ „๋ฅ˜๋กœ์จ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ”ผํฌ๊ฐ’์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ (1)์—์„œ 3.9 ๋ฐ 9์˜ ๊ฐ’์€ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ž„๊ณ„์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜์—ญ์„ ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ (effective area)์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ ์ด ํด์ˆ˜๋ก ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„ํฌ์— ๊ณต๊ธ‰๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฉธ๋˜์–ด ์•„ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์†Œํ˜ธ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋‚˜, ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์•„ํฌ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฉธ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žฌ๋ฐœํ˜ธ(reignition)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4์˜ (c)๋ฐ (d)์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ Bz ๋ฐ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฐ€๋„($I_{eddy}$)๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ํฐ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” ์ ‘์  ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž‘๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ ‘์ ์— ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„๋„ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4 ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 5[mm]์—์„œ Bz ๋ฐ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ. (a) ๋ฐ (b)๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ, (c) ๋ฐ (d)๋Š” ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 4 Bz and eddy current at 5[mm] gap distance. (a) and (b) are at current peak, (c) and (d) are at current zero

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig4.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5 ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 10[mm]์—์„œ Bz ๋ฐ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 5 Bz and eddy current at 10[mm] gap distance. (a) and (b) are at current peak, (c) and (d) are at current zero

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig5.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5๋Š” ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 10[mm]์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 5[mm]์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ’๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž‘์•„์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ์˜์—ญ๋„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ ์ ‘์  ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์˜ ๋๋‹จ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ ์ฐจ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6 ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 15[mm]์—์„œ Bz ๋ฐ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 6 Bz and eddy current at 15[mm] gap distance. (a) and (b) are at current peak, (c) and (d) are at current zero

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig6.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6์€ ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 15[mm]์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฐ’๋“ค์€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์”ฉ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์„ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ์˜ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์€ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์ผ ๋•Œ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์˜ ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๊ธ‹๊ณ , ํ•ด์„๋œ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ’์„ ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž„๊ณ„์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์‹ (1)๋กœ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€๋‚˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ๋ณด์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค 150[%] ์ •๋„ ์ƒํšŒํ•˜๋Š” 4[mT/kA]๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด 5[mm], 10[mm], 15[mm] ์ผ ๋•Œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 61.2[%], 56.6[%], 52.3[%]์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณดํ†ต ์•„ํ‚นํƒ€์ž„ 5~10[ms] ์ •๋„ ๋ฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์†๋„ 1.5[m/s]๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๋•Œ, ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์— ์ „๊ทน์€ 1~8[mm] ์ •๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ๊ทน๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ ์€ 60[%]๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉฐ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„ํฌ๋ฅผ ํ™•์‚ฐ์‹œ์ผœ ์•„ํฌ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์†์ƒ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7 ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์—์„œ ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ Bz ๋ถ„ํฌ

Fig. 7 Bz according to gap distance at current peak

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig7.png

๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 7.5[mm]๋กœ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 60[Hz], 1/2[cycle]๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ’์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค.

(2)
$I(t)= 20\sqrt{2}\sin wt[{k A}.{s}]$

ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์™€ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๊ฐ’๊ณผ๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.3[ms] ์ •๋„์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ(phase shift)๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 20[mT] ์ •๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทนํ‘œ๋ฉด์˜ ์™€์ „๋ฅ˜์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ 0.7[mT/kA] ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž‘์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8 ๊ฐญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ตœ๋Œ€ Bz์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 8 Max. Bz in the middle of the contact gap

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig8.png

3. ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ธก์ •์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

3.1 ์‹œํ—˜ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ค์ œ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋จผ์ € ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋Š” ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€์™€ ํ†ต์ „๋ถ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ข…์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน ํƒ€์ž…์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ์˜ ๊ณ ์ •๋ถ€์™€ ๊ฐ€๋™๋ถ€์˜ ์ „๊ทนํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ 2์„ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด๋Š” 10[mm]์—์„œ๋งŒ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„ํฌ์ฃผ(Arc column)๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์™ธ๊ฒฝ 10[mm], ๋†’์ด 10[mm]์ธ ์›ํ†ตํ˜• ๋ฌด์‚ฐ์†Œ๋™์„ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ์œ„์น˜์‹œํ‚จ ํ›„ ํ†ต์ „์ด ๋˜๋„๋ก ๊ณ ์ •์‹œ์ผฐ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 600[A] ํ—ˆ๋ถ€ํ•˜์‹œํ—˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ AC 100[A]๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 1[kA]๋‹น ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์‚ฐํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •์€ Lakeshore์‚ฌ์˜ 425 Gauss meter๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9 ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ์‚ฌ์ง„

Fig. 9 Manufacturing of axial magnetic field electrode (left) and measuring of magnetic flux density (right)

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig9.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10 ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •์œ„์น˜

Fig. 10 Measuring position of magnetic flex density

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig10.png

์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์ธก์ •์ง€์ ์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ, ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์ง€์ ์ธ ์ ‘์  ์Šฌ๋ฆฟ์˜ ๋๋‹จ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ (ใ‰ฎ)์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ „๊ทน ๊ฐญ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€(โ“)์™€ ์ ‘์ ํ‘œ๋ฉด(โ“‘)์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€์—์„œ 6[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ ), 11[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ก), 16[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ข), 21[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ฃ), 26[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ค), 32[mm] ์ง€์ (โ‘ฅ)์œผ๋กœ 6๊ฐœ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ์‹ค์ธก๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Lakeshore์‚ฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์šฐ์Šค๋ฉ”ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ๋Š” ํ‰ํŒํ˜• ํƒ€์ž…์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธก์ •์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‚˜, ํ”„๋กœ๋ธŒ์™€ ์ ‘์ ์˜ ๊ฐ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์ด๋ฃจ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ๊ฐ๋„์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ž๊ณ„ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์—์„œ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ํด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ผ ์ง€์ ์—์„œ ๊ฐ 3ํšŒ์”ฉ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ํ›„, ๊ทธ ํ‰๊ท ๊ฐ’์„ ํ‘œ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ด์„๊ฐ’๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋Œ€์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ํ•ด์„๊ฐ’๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†’๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 150[%] ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์œผ๋‚˜, ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๋ถ€ ๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์ธก์ •์‹œ์— ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์™ธ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ง„๊ณต์ธํ„ฐ๋Ÿฝํ„ฐ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์‹œํ—˜๋„ ๋ฌด๋‚œํžˆ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 2 ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„์˜ ์‹ค์ธก ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Table 2 Measuring and analysis results of magnetic flex density

Measuring point

Distance from the center of electrode [mT/kA]

โ‘ 

โ‘ก

โ‘ข

โ‘ฃ

โ‘ค

โ‘ฅ

โ“

(middle of contact gap)

Measurement

7.6

6.8

5.8

5.2

2.9

1.2

Analysis

6.9

6.7

6.0

4.7

2.6

0.5

โ“‘

(contact surface)

Measurement

7.9

7.4

7.3

5.6

3.9

0

Analysis

6.8

7.1

6.9

5.1

2.5

0.2

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11 ๊ฐ ์ธก์ •์œ„์น˜์—์„œ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ธก ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋น„๊ต. (a) ๊ฐญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ, (b) ์ „๊ทน ํ‘œ๋ฉด

Fig. 11 Comparing of analysis and measurement values of magnetic flex density. (a) middle of contact gap, (b) contact surface

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2023.72.5.688/fig11.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

VI ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์€ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํฐ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” VI์—๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ•์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. KTX-์ด์Œ ๊ณ ์†์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์šฉ VI์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์ „๋ฅ˜๋Š” 20[kA]์ด๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์ž๊ณ„ ์ „๊ทน์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์ธกํ•˜์—ฌ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ž๊ณ„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ๊ฐญ ๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „๊ทน์˜ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์†Œํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์กฐ๊ฑด์˜ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ 4[mT/kA] ์ด์ƒ์„ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ ์ด 50[%]๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๊ณผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ „๋ฅ˜์˜์ ์—์„œ ์œ„์ƒ์ฐจ(phase shift)๊ฐ€ 0.3ms ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ž‘๊ณ , ์ž”๋ฅ˜์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋„ 20[mT] ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์žฌ๋ฐœํ˜ธ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์‹คํŒจ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ 5~10[ms] ์ •๋„์ธ ์•„ํ‚นํƒ€์ž„์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „๋ฅ˜ํ”ผํฌ์—์„œ ์œ ํšจ๋ฉด์ ์€ ๋” ํด ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์†๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์ผ๋ถ€ ์˜์—ญ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•ด์„๊ณผ ์ธก์ •๊ฐ’์ด ๋น„๊ต์  ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๊ธฐ์— ์ „๊ทน๋ถ€์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ฃŒ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€์ „๋ ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด VI์˜ ์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๋‹ค.

Acknowledgements

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” 2022๋…„ ๊ตญํ† ๊ตํ†ต๋ถ€ ์ฒ ๋„์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰๋œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ(๊ณผ์ œ๋ฒˆํ˜ธ:22RSCD-A156010-03)๋กœ์„œ, ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฒ˜์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

์ดํƒœํ›ˆ (Tae-Hoon Lee)
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He received the B.S. degree from Electrical Engineering at Seoul National University of Science & & Technology in 1997 and the M.S. degree from Electrical Engineering at Kwangwoon University in 1999.

He is currently a doctoral course at Chungnam National University and working senior manager at Korail.

์ฃผํฅ์ง„ (Heung-Jin Ju)
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He received the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea, in 1998 and 2007, respectively.

He worked as a BK21 assistant professor at the department of electrical engineering in Hanyang University from 2009 to 2013.

He currently works as a R&D center in Vitzroem Co., LTD..

His present work focuses on vacuum application.

์ฐจ์˜๊ด‘ (Young-Kwang Cha)
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He received M.S degree in electrical engineering from Chungbuk university.

His research interests are insulation design, vacuum technology.

He is researching and developing medium/high voltage vacuum interrupters, vacuum capacitors at VIZTROEM R&D Center.

๋‚˜์ •ํšจ (Jung-Hyo Nah)
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He received the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA, in 2010.

He worked as a Post-Doctoral Scholar with the University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA, from 2011 to 2012.

He joined the Department of Electrical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea, as a Faculty Member, in 2012, where he is currently a Professor.

His research interests include piezoelectric and triboelectric energy-harvesting devices, high-performance air filters, and low- dimensional semiconductor devices and sensors.