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  1. (Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Korea.)



AC-DC integrated analysis, Dynamic Performance Test, LP-HILS, Replica controller, Real Time Digital Simulation

1. ์„œ ๋ก 

์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์žฌ์ƒ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ด์Šˆ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์†ก์ „๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ™•๋ณด์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ ๊ทœ AC ์†ก์ „์„ ์˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๊ฑด์„ค์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์€ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์†ก๋ณ€์ „ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ฑ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™” ๋ฐ ์‹ ๊ทœ ์†ก์ „ ๋ฃจํŠธ์˜ ์šฉ์ดํ•œ ํ™•๋ณด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด HVDC/ FACTS ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(1-3). ์ด๋“ค ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์†Œ์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ๊ธฐ์กด ๋™๊ธฐ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์†ก๋ณ€์ „ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ทธ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋น ๋ฅด๊ณ  ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ค๋น„์™€ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ๋ ค ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(3,4). ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์€ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „์›์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋” ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค(1,2).

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ HVDC, FACTS ๋ฐ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „์›๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ, ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•ด์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋…์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(5-7). ํŠนํžˆ ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹คํšจ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ(8-10) ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ ์ •๋ฐ€ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค(4,12). ์ค‘๊ตญ, ๋Œ€๋งŒ ๋ฐ ์ผ€๋‚˜๋‹ค ๋“ฑ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž๊ตญ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ์ „์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ ํ•˜์—ฌ 154kV ์ด์ƒ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ถ•์•ฝ ์—†์ด ํ•ด์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธํ”„๋ผ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค(4,11-13). ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ˜„์žฅ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค(13-16).

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•œ์ „ ์ „๋ ฅ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ AC-DC ๋ณตํ•ฉ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ™œ์šฉ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์šด์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋“ฑ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์—์„œ์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์š”์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ, ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜(Hardware In the Loop Simulation) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 1. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ์š”

Fig. 1. Overview of real-time power system analysis technology

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์— ์–ด๋–ค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋น„์ค‘์„ ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์‹คํšจ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์„ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ •๋ฐ€ ํ•ด์„์— ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์ • ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ ์ • ๋ถ„ํ• ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ด์™€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•ด์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ„๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ ๋˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ์ด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 2. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

Fig. 2. Real-time power system analysis procedure

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2.1 ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ชจ์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ์šด์˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์ค‘ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ ๋“ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์šฉ์ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์™„๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€๋™๋  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธด ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ˜„์•ˆ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ„ํ†ตํ•ด์„์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ํ˜„์•ˆ ์ด์Šˆ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋ฏธํกํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ์™€ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€๋‹นํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ณ€ํ™˜์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์ „์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 3. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ ˆ์ฐจ

Fig. 3. Power system modeling procedure for real-time simulation

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 4. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„ํ•  ๋ฐ ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ

Fig. 4. System division and parallel processing for real-time simulation

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํŠœ๋‹, ๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถ„ํ• , DB ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์ˆœ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

์ •์ /๋™์ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํŠœ๋‹ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹คํšจ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ค‘์š”๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋‚˜ ์ˆœ์‹œ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค๋ฅ˜์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ์ •์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์™€ ํ•ด์„ ์ •๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋ฐ ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€ 3๊ถŒ์„  ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ 3์ฐจ์ธก ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ƒ๋žต ๋“ฑ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์ž์›์„ ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํŠœ๋‹๋„ ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.

๋ณ‘๋ ฌ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ž๋™ ํ• ๋‹น ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ถ„ํ• ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋ชจ์˜์˜ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ผ์ • ํฌ๊ธฐ ์ด๋‚ด๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”, ์ „์ฒด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ์ ์ •ํ•œ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์„œ๋ธŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ, ๊ฐ ์„œ๋ธŒ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ์†ก์ „์„ ์˜ Travelling time์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ time step๋ณด๋‹ค ์ปค์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€ํ”ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์†ก์ „์„ ์˜ Travelling time์ด time step๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ์™œ๊ณก์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹จ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ ๋กœ ๋ณด์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 5. AC ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ์‚ฌ๋ก€

Fig. 5. Verification of the AC power system conversion result

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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ DB ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ •์ƒ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์ „์••, ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์šด์ „ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์™ธ๋ž€์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.2 ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง

์†ก์ „์„ , ๋ณ€์••๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ์–ด ๊ธฐ๋ฒ• ๋ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์„ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ ์ •ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ , ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋งตํ•‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด generic model์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ƒ์ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๋‹ค์ถ• ๋ชจ๋ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ •๋ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์„ค๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทน์†Œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์†ก์ „์„  ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋กœ์ง๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฐ์‚ฐ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์œ„์น˜์—๋งŒ ํŠน์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ํ›„ ๋ณ„๋„๋กœ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ์ฃผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 6. ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ์ ์šฉ

Fig. 6. Application of special devices model

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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ˆœ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ์ € ๊ตฌ์ถ•/ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ปจ์…‰ํ˜• ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ทน๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด์ „๋žต ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ์–‘์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•๋œ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋น„์™€๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด ์‚ฌ์ „ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋“ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์‚ฌ์–‘ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜์˜๋œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ทœ๊ฒฉ์„œ์— ๋ช…์‹œ๋œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋น„์™€๋Š” ์•„์ง ํฐ ๊ดด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์„ค๊ณ„์„œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ถœํ•œ ์„ค๊ณ„์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, Low-level ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์™ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€, ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ œ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ํ–ฅ์— ํ™œ์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค.

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์™„๋ฃŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ฉํ’ˆํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์ œ์ž‘์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋กœ ์ด๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๋™๋“ฑํ•œ ์ œ์–ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 7. ์„ค๋น„ ์ค€๊ณต ๋‹จ๊ณ„ ๋ณ„ SW ๋ชจ๋ธ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ

Fig. 7. SW model update by facility completion stage

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋„์ž… ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋„์‹ํ™” ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ƒ์„ธ ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต, ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํŠน์„ฑ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ/์ •์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์„ ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2.3 ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„

์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆœ์‹œ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•ด์„์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํŠน์ • ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์ž˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ค๋น„ ๋ฐ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ SCADA/EMS์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 8. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ/๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๊ฐœ์š”

Fig. 8. RMAS(Real-time digital simulation Monitoring abd Analysis System) overview

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ชจ์„ ์—์„œ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์œ /๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ทจ๋“ํ•˜์—ฌ SCADA/EMS๋กœ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ถœ๋ ฅ๋œ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋ฐ ์œ /๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๊ฐ์‹œ/๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ(RMAS, Real-time digigtal simulator Monitoring and Analysis System)์œผ๋กœ ์ „์†ก, ํ•ด๋‹น ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ํด๋ผ์ด์–ธํŠธ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ์‹œ ๋ฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ด ๊ฐ์‹œ/๋ถ„์„ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ์‹œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ง€๋„์ƒ์— ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ปจํˆฌ์–ด, ๋ฒ„๋ธ”/๋ฐ” ์ฐจํŠธ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™” ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9๋Š” ์ „์ฒด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ฐ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์‹œ์ด๋‹ค.

์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ทจ๋“๋œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ๊ณ„์† ์ €์žฅ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ํ•ฉ, ์ฐจ, ํ‰๊ท  ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ ๋‹จ์ˆœ ์—ฐ์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์ƒ๊ด€๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋ถ„์„๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10์€ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๋ถ„์„์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๊ณ„์—ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํŠน์ • ์‹œ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 9. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด ํ‘œ์ถœ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

Fig. 9. Real-time information display function example

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 10. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ์˜ˆ์‹œ

Fig. 10. Example of data analysis function

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2.4 ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ •๋ฆฝ

์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ ๊ตญ๋‚ด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ƒ์‹œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ž์›์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์•ˆ์ •๋„์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํŠน์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 11. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ HILS ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฐœ์š”

Fig. 11. Controller HILS test overview using real-time simulator

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „์••, ์ „๋ฅ˜ ๋“ฑ ๊ฐ์‹œ์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ž…๋ ฅ๋ฐ›์•„ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์šด์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด ๊ฐ’์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๊ฐ์‹œํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋กœ ์†ก์‹ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ๋ชจ์‚ฌ๋œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ์„ค๋น„๋ฅผ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„ ๋™์ž‘์€ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์šด์ „์ ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์‹ค์ œ ํ˜„์žฅ๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์ธ๊ทผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋„์ž…๋„ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์—๋Š” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋น„์šฉ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ์—๋Š” ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ถ•์•ฝ๊ณ„ํ†ต์œผ๋กœ ์ „์ฒด ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๋ชจ์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ธ๊ทผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ค๋น„์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋ชจ๋ธ์€ ํ•œ์ „์ด ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” SW๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋™ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ์ธ๊ทผ ์„ค๋น„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค€๊ณต์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ SW ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์ž…์ˆ˜๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ดํŠน์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ •ํ™•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ ๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ œ์กฐ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค์˜ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 12. ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ

Fig. 12. Controller dynamic performance test procedure based on real-time large- scale power system analysis

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•  ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๋ฐ step test์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์žฌ๊ฒ€์ฆ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๊ณ„๋ชฉ์ ์— ๋ถ€ํ•ฉํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ทผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์„ค๋น„์™€์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ดํ›„ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ์ •์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‹ค์ œ ์šด์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.

3. ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ

ํ•œ๊ตญ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์€ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œํ•ด์•ˆ์— ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ๊ธฐ์ €๋ฐœ์ „๋‹จ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ˆ˜์š”์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์ˆ˜๋„๊ถŒ์œผ๋กœ ์†ก์ „ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง/๋ณ‘๋ ฌ FACTS ๋ฐ HVDC๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 13์€ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ๋ฐ ์„œํ•ด์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์„ค์น˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํš ์ค‘์ธ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋“ค์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ์ด๋ฏธ ์ง/๋ณ‘๋ ฌ FACTS๊ฐ€ ๋™์‹œ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ–ฅํ›„ HVDC ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ์ ‘๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋‚ด์— ๋™์‹œ์— ์šด์˜๋  ๊ณ„ํš์ด๋‹ค.

์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ง/๋ณ‘๋ ฌ FACTS๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ STATCOM 3๊ธฐ, SVC 1๊ธฐ, TCSC 4๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šด์˜ ์ค‘์ด๋‹ค. STATCOM๊ณผ SVC๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, TCSC์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 13. ์†ก์ „๊ธ‰ FACTS/HVDC ์šด์˜ ํ˜„ํ™ฉ

Fig. 13. Current State of the FACTS/HVDC operation

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3.1 STATCOM ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜

STATCOM์€ 345kV ๋™ํ•ด, ์‹ ์˜์ฃผ, ์‹ ์ถฉ์ฃผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ยฑ400 Mvar์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 765kV ์ด์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐํšŒ๋ฃจํŠธ์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต์€ ์ƒ์‹œ ์šด์ „ ์ „์••๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ „์••์ด ์šด์ „ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” dead band ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 14๋Š” STATCOM์˜ ์ „์••/๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 14. ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ STATCOM ์ „์••/์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 14. East Coast STATCOM V/I characteristics

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์ด ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์„ค์น˜ ์ „์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 15๋Š” 765kV ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ STATCOM์˜ ๋™์ž‘ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ํŒŒํ˜•์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ โ‘ ์—์„œ STATCOM ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ชจ์„ ์˜ ์ „์••์€ dead band ๋‚ด์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ 200Mvar๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ โ‘ก์—์„œ ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ชจ์„  ์ „์••์ด 0.7p.u.๊นŒ์ง€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ, STATCOM์€ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋™์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ โ‘ข์€ ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํ›„ ์ „์••์ด dead band ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ STATCOM์ด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ โ‘ฃ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ณ ์žฅ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํ›„ ์ „์••์ด dead band ๋‚ด๋กœ ํšŒ๋ณต๋จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ 200Mvar๋ฅผ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ์˜์—ญ โ‘ค๋Š” ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋™์š” ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋ฐ ์ €์ „์••์— ์˜ํ•ด STATCOM์ด ์œ ๋„์„ฑ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์„œ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 15. 765kV ์ด์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ STATCOM ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 15. STATCOM dynamic performance test results in case of 765kV double contingency

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๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ STATCOM์ด dead band ์ œ์–ด ์˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 765kV ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ์—๋Š” ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ €์ „์•• ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‹คํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ๋ณ€๋™์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๊ณ„ํš๋œ ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3.2 SVC ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜

SVC๋Š” 345kV ์‹ ์ œ์ฒœ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ +675/-225 Mvar์ด๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์„ค์น˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ 765kV ์ด์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฐํšŒ๋ฃจํŠธ์˜ ์ „์••๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๊ณผ๋„ ์•ˆ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต์€ ์ƒ์‹œ ์šด์ „ ์ „์••๋ฒ”์œ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ „์— ์„ค์ •๋œ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ์ „์••์ด ์šด์ „ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ „์•• ๋ฒ”์œ„ ์œ ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ถœ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” dead band ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 16์€ STATCOM์˜ ์ „์••/๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 16. ๋™ํ•ด์•ˆ SVC ์ „์••/์ „๋ฅ˜ ํŠน์„ฑ

Fig. 16. East Coast SVC V/I characteristics

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 17. ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์ • ์ „ํ›„ ์‹ ํ•œ์šธ 1๊ธฐ ํƒˆ๋ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ SVC ์ œ์–ดํŠน์„ฑ ๋ณ€ํ™”

Fig. 17. Control performance comparison between before/after parameter modifi- cation for the Shinhanul #1 generator trip

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์ด ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ํ˜„์žฅ ์„ค์น˜ ์ „์— ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 17์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•ญ๋ชฉ ์ค‘ ์ธ๊ทผ ์‹ ํ•œ์šธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ 1๊ธฐ(1500MW) ํƒˆ๋ฝ ์‹œ ์ œ์–ด ํŠน์„ฑ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ตœ์ดˆ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ SVC์˜ TSC๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž…/์ฐจ๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ๋ฌดํšจ์ „๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•œ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์••์— ์™ธ๋ž€์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํŠœ๋‹์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ ์ธ TSC ํˆฌ์ž…/์ฐจ๋‹จ ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ํ•ด์†Œ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „์•• ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ํ•ด์†Œ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

3.3 TCSC ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜

TCSC๋Š” 345kV ๋™ํ•ด-์‹ ์ œ์ฒœ, ํ•œ์šธNP-์‹ ์˜์ฃผ ์†ก์ „์„ ์— 1๊ธฐ์”ฉ, ์ด 4๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น TCSC๋Š” ์†ก์ „์„  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ํˆฌ์ž…๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‹ ์ œ์ฒœ, ์‹ ์˜์ฃผ ๋ณ€์ „์†Œ ๋‚ด์— ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์ƒ์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์†ก์ „์„  ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค์˜ 50%๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ 765kV ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ SPS ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋ณด์ƒ๋Ÿ‰์„ 70%๊นŒ์ง€ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ ๊ณผ๋„์•ˆ์ •๋„ ์œ ์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„๋Š” ์ง๋ ฌ ์„ค๋น„์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ธ๊ทผ ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ SSTI(Sub-Synchronous Torsional Interaction) ํ˜„์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์ถ• ํŒŒ์†์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด ์ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 18. 765kV ์ด์ค‘๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ TCSC ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„์„

Fig. 18. Analysis of TCSC dynamic performance test results in case of 765kV double contingency

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์ด ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์™€ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ๋ฐ ์†Œํ”„๋ฅด์›จ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„ ์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์— ๋„์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 18์€ 765kV ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ TCSC์˜ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 765kV ๊ณ ์žฅ ์‹œ์—๋„ TCSC๋Š” Bypass ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ SPS ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ˆ˜์‹  ํ›„ 83ms ์ด๋‚ด์— 70% ๋ณด์ƒ์šด์ „์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋“ฑ ์ œ์–ด์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ด์ƒ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ์™„๋ฃŒ ์ดํ›„, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์ •์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” TCSC ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์†ก์ „์„  ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ณ ์žฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†ก์ „์„  ์ฐจ๋‹จ ํ›„ ์žฌํ๋กœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ PLL ๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์€ ์•ฝ 1.3์ดˆ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์†๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง€์—ฐ์  ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€, ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ •์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋  ๋•Œ ๊นŒ์ง€, ๊ณ ์žฅ์ „์˜ PLL ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์–ด์— ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ธฐ์กด 1.3์ดˆ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ TCSC๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋™๊ธฐ์™€ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ PLL ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ • ๋ฐ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ œ์–ด ์ „๋žต์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์— ์ ์šฉ ๋ฐ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ œ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ๋ฐ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 19. ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ ํˆฌ์ž… ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ œ์–ด์ „๋žต ๋ฐ˜์˜ ์ „/ํ›„ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 19. Comparison before/after reflecting control strategy to eliminate reinsertion delay time when reclosing

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 19๋Š” ์ œ์–ด์ „๋žต ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํ›„ ์žฌํ๋กœ ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๋ฐ ์ œ์–ด ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ํ™•์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ธฐ ์ „๋žต์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋•Œ, ์žฌํ๋กœ ์‹œ ๊ด€์ฐฐ๋˜๋˜ ๋™๊ธฐ์ง€์—ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐ๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋‹จ, ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ PLL์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์œ„์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์†Œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฆฌํ”Œ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๋กœ์ „๋ฅ˜, ๋ฒจ๋ธŒ์ „๋ฅ˜, ์ปคํŽ˜์‹œํ„ฐ ์ „์•• ๋ฐ Boost factor ๋“ฑ TCSC์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ œ์–ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋…ธ์ด์ฆˆ๋Š” PLL ๋™๊ธฐ ๊ฒ€์ •์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •์ƒ๋™์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต๊ท€ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์ •์€ ์†ก์ „์„ ์˜ ์กฐ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ TCSC์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ง„๋™์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ PLL ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ์˜ gain์ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ค์ •๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด ์ €์ „๋ฅ˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ TCSC๊ฐ€ ์ œ์–ด๊ฐ„์„ญ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ gain์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์ž‘์—…์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, PLL ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์ •์— ์˜ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ํ–ฅ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 20์€ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์ • ์ „ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ TCSC์˜ ์ œ์–ด ๊ฐ„์„ญํ˜„์ƒ(ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰)๊ณผ ์ •์ • ํ›„ ๊ฐ„์„ญํ˜„์ƒ ํ•ด์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธ(์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰)ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 20. ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ TCSC ์ƒํ˜ธ ๊ฐ„์„ญํ˜„์ƒ ์žฌํ˜„ ๋ฐ ํŒŒ๋ผ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ์ •์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 20. Reproduction of the parallel TCSC interaction and parameter modification results

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.11.1586/fig20.png

๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์„ค๋น„์™€ ํ•œ์šธ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ SSTI ํ˜„์ƒ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•ด๋‹น ํ•ด์„์€ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ„ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Œํ•‘์„ ์‚ฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ, ์ „ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Œํ•‘์ด ์–‘์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฐจ๊ณผ๋„ ์ง„๋™ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Œํ•‘์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜๊ฐ’์ด๋ผ ํ• ์ง€๋ผ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ์ถ•์˜ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Œํ•‘๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž‘์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ์ฐจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Œํ•‘์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Œํ•‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๊ฐ’์ด ํด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์‹ค์ œ ์ฐจ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ณต์ง„ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹œ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 21. SSTI ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

Fig. 21. System topology for SSTI review

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.11.1586/fig21.png

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 21์€ SSTI์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ TCSC์™€ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ SSTI ๋ฐœ์ƒ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์ถฉ์กฑ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 22์€ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 21์˜ ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ํ•œ์šธ 3, 4๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Ž€ํ•‘๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Ž€ํ•‘์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 12Hz ์ธ๊ทผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Ž€ํ•‘๊ณผ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Ž€ํ•‘์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง€์ ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 23์€ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ง„๋™์ด ์‹ค์ œ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ •๋ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ชจ์˜๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ƒ์ •๊ณ ์žฅ์€ 3์ƒ ์ง€๋ฝ๊ณ ์žฅ์„ ์ธ๊ฐ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ํŠน์ • ์ง„๋™์˜ ๋Œํ•‘์ด ์Œ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋ฉด ํŠน์ • ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ง„๋™์ด ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ์–‘์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™” ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง„๋™์ด ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”๋จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋„ SSTI ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ ํ•ด๋‹น ์ƒ์„ธ ๋ชจ์˜๋Š” ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋‚ฎ์•„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Œํ•‘์ด ์ œ์ผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒํƒœ์˜ ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์›์ž๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ ์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 23์˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜„ ๊ณ„ํ†ต์šด์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ SSTI ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 22. ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์ „๊ธฐ์  ๋Œํ•‘ ๋ฐ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๋Œํ•‘ ๋น„๊ต

Fig. 22. Comparison of system electrical damping and generator mechanical damping

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ. 23. SSTI ๋ฐœ์ƒ์—ฌ๋ถ€ ํ™•์ธ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒ์„ธ ์‹œ๋ชจ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Fig. 23. Results of perturbation simulation to confirm the SSTI occurrence

../../Resources/kiee/KIEE.2020.69.11.1586/fig23.png

4. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

ํ–ฅํ›„ ์†ก์ „๋ง ํ™•์ถฉ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋Š” ๊ณ„์† ๋„์ž…/ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์žฌ์ƒ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ „์›์˜ ์—ฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ธ๋ฒ„ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ™œ์šฉ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฆ๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋ ฅ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„ ๋น„์ค‘์€ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ํŠน์ˆ˜์„ค๋น„๋“ค์€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์ œ์–ดํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๋Šฅ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ์•ˆ์ •ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ œ์–ด๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ธฐ์กด AC์ „๋ ฅ์„ค๋น„ ๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ๊ทœ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •์˜ ์›์ธ์ด ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ, ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ „๋ ฅ์ „์ž ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์„ค๋น„์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์ˆœ์‹œ์น˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ์ด์™ธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์—†๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์ œ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ ํ•˜๋“œ์›จ์–ด ์—ฐ๊ณ„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ํ•ด์„์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค ๋ฐ ํ•ด๋‹น ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์˜ ์ ์šฉ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์š”์†Œ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐ์‹œ/๋ถ„์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์„ค๋น„๋“ค์˜ ๋™์ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ ์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ–ฅํ›„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ ฅ๊ณ„ํ†ต ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ , ์ƒํ˜ธ์˜ํ–ฅ ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐ ๋‹ค๊ธฐ ๋ ˆํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์นด ์—ฐ๊ณ„์‹œํ—˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

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์ €์ž์†Œ๊ฐœ

Seungchan Oh
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He recived his B.S and Ph.D degrees in Electrical Engineering from Korea Univ, Incheon, Korea in 2011 and 2018.

At present, he is a senior researcher in Power Grid Group of KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interests include power system analysis, HVDC operation strategy.

Tel: 042-865-5828, Fax: 042-865-5828

E-mail : seungchan.oh@kepco.co.kr

Jiyoung Song
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He received his B.S and M.S in Electrical Engineering from Hanyang University and Korea University Seoul, Korea in 2008 and 2010.

At present he is senior researcher in Power Grid Group of KEPCO research Institute.

His research interests are power system analy- sis, impact study, and HVDC/FACTS dynamic performance testing.

Tel: 042-865-5825, Fax: 042-865-5825

E-mail : jy.song@kepco.co.kr

Jaegul Lee
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He recived his B.S and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Incheon National Univ, Incheon, Korea in 2002 and 2004.

At present, he is a principal researcher in Power Grid Group of KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interests include power system analysis, HVDC and FACTS planning.

Tel: 042-865-5822, Fax: 042-865-5829

E-mail : jaegul.lee@kepco.co.kr

Solyoung Jung
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She recived her B.S and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from SangMyung Univ, Seoul, Korea in 2015 and 2017.

At present, she is a researcher in Power Grid Group of KEPCO Research Institute.

Her research interests include power system analysis, renewable energy integration study and FACTS planning.

Tel: 042-865-5824, Fax: 042-865-5829

E-mail : solyoung.jung@kepco.co.kr

Hyunkeun Ku
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He received his B.S and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Pusan National Univ, Busan, Korea in 2009 and 2016, respectively.

He is currently a researcher in Power Grid Group of KEPCO Research Institute.

His research interests generally include HVDC/ FACTS, controls, and power electronics in power system.

Tel: 042-865-5836, Fax: 042-865-5825

E-mail : hyunkeun.ku@kepco.co.kr

Jeonghoon Shin
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He received the B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea, in 1993, 1995, and 2006, respectively.

Since 1995, he has been with Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute(KEPRI), the research institute of Korea Electric Power Corporation.

He is currently a Chief Researcher and leads the Power System Group in power system laboratory, KEPRI.

From March 2003 to February 2004, he was a Visiting Scholar with Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA,.

His research interests include wide area monitoring, protection and control systems based on synchro-phasor data, hierarchical voltage controls, real-time digital simulations, and transient/ dynamic stability studies.

Tel: 042-865-5810, Fax: 042-865-5829

E-mail : jeonghoon.shin@kepco.co.kr